Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Its Impact on Daily Activities Among University Students

Abstract

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological problem among young women and may adversely affect academic performance, physical activity, and quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, many university students experience menstrual pain that interferes with daily functioning.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and assess its impact on daily activities among university students.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 770 female students at Women University Mardan from January to June 2022. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed a structured self-administered questionnaire. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, menstrual history, dysmenorrhea severity, and its effects on academic, physical, social, and daily activities was collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with dysmenorrhea. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Among 770 participants, 589 (76.5%) reported dysmenorrhea. Moderate pain was reported by 45.0% of affected students, followed by mild pain (34.1%) and severe pain (20.9%). Dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with age group (p=0.041), academic year (p=0.031), and family income (p=0.005). Students with severe dysmenorrhea had higher rates of class absenteeism (82.1%), reduced academic performance (82.1%), limited physical activity (91.1%), sleep disturbance (86.2%), and difficulty concentrating during lectures (92.7%) (p<0.001). Logistic regression identified positive family history (AOR=2.73, 95% CI: 1.89–3.95), irregular menstrual cycles (AOR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.42–3.13), and low family income (AOR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.24–2.95) as significant predictors.

Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea was highly prevalent and negatively affected academic performance, physical activity, and daily functioning. Health education, early identification, and appropriate management strategies are needed to reduce its burden and improve students' quality of life.

Keywords:Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual Pain, University Students, Prevalence, Daily Activities.